概述
$ pip install requests
#get请求方法 >>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user',auth=('user','pass')) #打印get请求的状态码 >>> r.status_code 200 #查看请求的数据类型,可以看到是json格式,utf-8编码 >>> r.headers['content-type'] 'application/json; charset=utf8' >>> r.encoding 'utf-8' #打印请求到的内容 >>> r.text u'{"type":"User"...' #输出json格式数据 >>> r.json() {u'private_gists': 419,u'total_private_repos': 77,...}
#小例子 import requests r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com') print type(r) print r.status_code print r.encoding print r.text print r.cookies '''请求了百度的网址,然后打印出了返回结果的类型,状态码,编码方式,Cookies等内容 输出:''' <class 'requests.models.Response'> 200 UTF-8 <RequestsCookieJar[]>
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post") r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put") r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete") r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get") r = requests.options(http://httpbin.org/get)
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get") #如果想要加参数,可以利用 params 参数: import requests payload = {'key1': 'value1','key2': 'value2'} r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",params=payload) print r.url #输出:http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1
["foo","bar",{ "foo": "bar" }] #利用如下程序请求并解析: import requests r = requests.get("a.json") print r.text print r.json() '''运行结果如下,其中一个是直接输出内容,另外一个方法是利用 json() 方法 解析,感受下它们的不同:''' ["foo",{ "foo": "bar" }] [u'foo',u'bar',{u'foo': u'bar'}]
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json',stream=True) r.raw #输出 <requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810> r.raw.read(10) '\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'
import requests payload = {'key1': 'value1','key2': 'value2'} headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",params=payload,headers=headers) print r.url #通过headers参数可以增加请求头中的headers信息
import requests payload = {'key1': 'value1','key2': 'value2'} r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=payload) print r.text #运行结果如下: { "args": {},"data": "","files": {},"form": { "key1": "value1","key2": "value2" },"headers": { "Accept": "*/*","Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate","Content-Length": "23","Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Host": "http://httpbin.org","User-Agent": "python-requests/2.9.1" },"json": null,"url": "http://httpbin.org/post" }
import json import requests url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' payload = {'some': 'data'} r = requests.post(url,data=json.dumps(payload)) print r.text #运行结果: { "args": {},"data": "{\"some\": \"data\"}","form": {},"Content-Length": "16","json": { "some": "data" },"url": "http://httpbin.org/post" }
#新建一个 test.txt 的文件,内容写上 Hello World! import requests url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' files = {'file': open('test.txt','rb')} r = requests.post(url,files=files) print r.text { "args": {},"files": { "file": "Hello World!" },"Content-Length": "156","Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=7d8eb5ff99a04c11bb3e862ce78d7000","url": "http://httpbin.org/post" }
with open('massive-body') as f: requests.post('http://some.url/streamed',data=f)
import requests url = 'Example Domain' r = requests.get(url) print r.cookies print r.cookies['example_cookie_name']
import requests url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies' cookies = dict(cookies_are='working') r = requests.get(url,cookies=cookies) print r.text #输出: '{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'
requests.get(‘Build software better,together',timeout=0.001)
import requests requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789') r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies") print(r.text) #结果是: { "cookies": {} }
import requests s = requests.Session() s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789') r = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies") print(r.text) #在这里我们请求了两次,一次是设置 cookies,一次是获得 cookies { "cookies": { "sessioncookie": "123456789" } }
import requests s = requests.Session() s.headers.update({'x-test': 'true'}) r = s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers',headers={'x-test2': 'true'}) print r.text '''通过 s.headers.update 方法设置了 headers 的变量。然后我们又在请求中 设置了一个 headers,那么会出现什么结果?很简单,两个变量都传送过去了。 运行结果:''' { "headers": { "Accept": "*/*","User-Agent": "python-requests/2.9.1","X-Test": "true","X-Test2": "true" } }
r = s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers',headers={'x-test': 'true'}) #它会覆盖掉全局的配置: { "headers": { "Accept": "*/*","X-Test": "true" } }
r = s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers',headers={'x-test': None}) { "headers": { "Accept": "*/*","User-Agent": "python-requests/2.9.1" } }
import requests r = requests.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/',verify=True) print r.text #结果: requests.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_Failed] certificate verify Failed (_ssl.c:590)
import requests r = requests.get('Build software better,verify=True) print r.text
import requests r = requests.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/',verify=False) print r.text
import requests proxies = { "https": "http://41.118.132.69:4433" } r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",proxies=proxies) print r.text #也可以通过环境变量 HTTP_PROXY 和 HTTPS_PROXY 来配置代理 export HTTP_PROXY="http://10.10.1.10:3128" export HTTPS_PROXY=http://10.10.1.10:1080
总结
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