概述

在学习之前先要了解sqlite游标的使用方法python使用sqlite3时游标的使用方法

继上篇博客Python实现学生信息管理系统后，我就觉得写的太复杂了，然后又是一通优化、优化、优化；

本次优化主要修改了：

1.使用游标的方法连接、增、删、改、查数据库；
2.一般二级菜单是不能直接退出程序的，所以去掉了二级菜单退出程序的功能；
3.增加了连表查询；
4.但是还有一点很不满意，就是每次退出后都退出到主菜单而不是当前菜单，这点还没改好，希望小伙伴能一起学习交流！

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
#打开本地数据库用于存储用户信息
cx = sqlite3.connect('student.db')

#在该数据库下创建学生信息表
cx.execute ('''CREATE TABLE StudentTable(
 ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,StuId   INTEGER  NOT NULL,NAME   TEXT  NOT NULL,CLASS   INT  NOT NULL);''')
print "Table created successfully";

#在该数据库下创建课程信息表
cx.execute ('''CREATE TABLE CourseTable(
 ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,CourseId  INT  NOT NULL,Name   TEXT  NOT NULL,Teacher   TEXT  NOT NULL,Classroom   TEXT  NOT NULL,StartTime    CHAR(11) NOT NULL,EndTime    CHAR(11) NOT NULL);''')
print "Table created successfully";


#在该数据库下创建选课情况信息表
cx.execute ('''CREATE TABLE XuankeTable(
 ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,StuId   INT   NOT NULL,CourseId   INT   NOT NULL);''')
print "Table created successfully";

#以上三个表创建完后，再次运行程序时，需要把三个建表代码注释掉，否则会提示:该表已存在。即建表只需建一次。


def insert_stu():#录入学生信息
 cu = cx.cursor()
 stu_id = input("请输入学生学号:")
 cu.execute("SELECT StuId from StudentTable where StuId = '%s';"%stu_id)
 row = cu.fetchone()
 if row:
  print "sorry,该学号已存在,请重新输入"
 else:
  stu_name = raw_input("请输入学生姓名:")
  stu_class = input("请输入学生班级:")
  sql1 = "INSERT INTO StudentTable(StuId,NAME,CLASS)"
  sql1 += " VALUES(%d,'%s',%d);"%(stu_id,stu_name,stu_class)
  cu.execute(sql1)
  cx.commit()
  print "恭喜你,学生录入成功!"
 cu.close()


def xuanke():#学生选课
 cu = cx.cursor()
 stu_id = input('请输入要选课的学生学号:')
 sql2 = "select StuId from StudentTable where StuId = %d;"%(stu_id)
 cu.execute(sql2)
 row = cu.fetchone()
 if row:
  sql3 = "select CourseId,Name,Teacher,Classroom,StartTime,EndTime from CourseTable"
  cu.execute(sql3)
  rows = cu.fetchall()
  for row in rows:
   print "CourseId = ",row[0]
   print "Name = ",row[1]
   print "Teacher = ",row[2]
   print "Classroom = ",row[3]
   print "StartTime = ",row[4]
   print "EndTime = ",row[5],"\n"
  cou_id = input("请输入要选的课程号:")
  sql0 = "select CourseId from CourseTable where CourseId =%d;"%(cou_id)
  cu.execute(sql0)
  row = cu.fetchone()
  if row:
   sql = "select StuId CourseId from XuankeTable "
   sql += "where CourseId = %d and StuId=%d;"%(cou_id,stu_id)
   cu.execute(sql)
   rows = cu.fetchone()
   if row:
    print "该课程已选,不能重复选课!"
    break
   else:
    sql3 = "insert into XuankeTable (StuId,CourseId) values (%d,%d)"%(stu_id,cou_id)
    cu.execute(sql3)
    cx.commit()
    print "恭喜你，选课成功!"
  else:
   print "sorry,该课程不存在!"
 else:
  print "sorry,没有该学生号"
 cu.close()



def stu_id_search():#按照学生学号查询学生信息
 cu = cx.cursor()
 search_stu_id = input("请输入要查询的学号:")
 sql4 = "SELECT ID,StuId,CLASS from StudentTable "
 sql4 += "where StuId= %d;" % (search_stu_id)
 cu.execute(sql4)
 row = cu.fetchone()
 if row: 
  print
  print "您要查询的学生信息为:"
  print "ID = ",row[0]
  print "StuId = ",row[1]
  print "NAME = ",row[2]
  print "CLASS = ",row[3],"\n"
 else:
  print "sorry,没有该学生信息！"
 cu.close()


def stu_id_cou():#按照学生学号查询该学生所选课程
 cu = cx.cursor()
 stu_id = input("请输入要查询学生号:")
 sql5 = "select StuId from StudentTable where StuId = %d;"%(stu_id)
 cu.execute(sql5)
 row = cu.fetchone()
 if row :
  sql6 = "select A.*,B.*,C.* from XuankeTable A,CourseTable B,StudentTable C \
  where A.StuId = %d and A.CourseId=B.CourseId and A.StuId=C.StuId"%(stu_id)#连表查询
  cu.execute(sql6)
  rows = cu.fetchall()
  for row in rows:
   print "该学生所选课程为:"
   print "StuId=",row[1]
   print "CourseId=",row[2]
   print "Name = ",row[7]
   print "Teacher = ",row[8]
   print "Classroom = ",row[9]
   print "StartTime = ",row[10]
   print "EndTime = ",row[11],"\n"
   print
 else:
  print "sorry,没有该学生选课信息!"
 cu.close()


def cou_id_search(): #按照课程号查询课程信息
 cu = cx.cursor()
 cou_id = input("请输入要查询的课程号:")
 sql7 = "select CourseId,EndTime from CourseTable "
 sql7 += "where CourseId = %d;"%(cou_id)
 cu.execute(sql7)
 row = cu.fetchone()
 if row:
  print "您要查询的课程信息为:"
  print "CourseId = ",row[0]
  print "Name = ",row[1]
  print "Teacher = ",row[2]
  print "Classroom = ",row[3]
  print "StartTime = ",row[4]
  print "EndTime = ",没有该课程信息!"
 cu.close()


def cou_id_stu():#按照课程号查询选择该课程的学生列表
 cu = cx.cursor()
 cou_id = input('请输入课程号:')
 sql8 = "select CourseId from XuankeTable where CourseId =%d;"%(cou_id)
 cu.execute(sql8)
 row = cu.fetchone()
 if row:
  sql9 = "select A.*,StudentTable C \
  where A.CourseId = %d and A.CourseId=B.CourseId and A.StuId=C.StuId"%(cou_id)
  cu.execute(sql9)
  rows = cu.fetchall()
  for row in rows:
   print
   print "选择该课程的学生为:"
   print "StuId = ",row[1]
   print "CourseId = ",row[2]
   print "NAME = ",row[14]
   print "CLASS = ",row[15],没有该课程信息!"
 cu.close()

def menu():
 print '1.进入学生信息系统(学生信息录入)'
 print '2.进入学生选课系统(学生选课操作)'
 print '3.进入学生选课信息系统(学生信息查询和选课情况查询)'
 print '4.退出程序'

def student():
 print '1.录入学生信息'
 print '2.返回主菜单'

def Course():
 print '1.开始选课'
 print '2.返回主菜单'

def information():
 print '1.按学号查询学生信息'
 print '2.按学号查看学生选课课程列表'
 print '3.按课程号查看课程信息'
 print '4.按课程号查看选课学生列表'
 print '5.返回主菜单'


while True:
 menu()
 print
 x = raw_input('请输入您的选择菜单号:')
 if x == '1':
  #进入学生信息系统
  student()
  stu = raw_input('您已进入学生录入系统,请再次输入选择菜单:')
  print
  if stu == '1':
   insert_stu()
   continue
  if stu == '2':
   continue
  else:
   print "输入的选项不存在，请重新输入！"
   continue

 if x == '2':
  #进入选课信息系统
  Course()
  cou = raw_input('您已进入学生选课系统,请再次输入选择菜单:')
  print
  if cou == '1':
   xuanke()
   continue
  if cou == '2':
   continue
  else:
   print "输入的选项不存在，请重新输入！"
   continue

 if x == '3':
  #进入学生选课信息表
  information()
  inf = raw_input('您已进入学生选课信息系统,请再次输入选择菜单:')
  print
  if inf == '1':
   stu_id_search()
   continue
  if inf == '2':
   stu_id_cou()
   continue
  if inf == '3':
   cou_id_search()
   continue
  if inf == '4':
   cou_id_stu()
   continue
  if inf == '5':
   continue
  else:
   print "输入的选项不存在，请重新输入！"
   continue

 if x == '4':
  print "谢谢使用！"
  exit()
 else:
  print "输入的选项不存在，请重新输入！"
  continue

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