该行：
FOREIGN KEY (pk_studentID ) REFERENCES student(pk_studentID ),
是错的。您不能那样使用pk_studentID，这只是父表中PK约束的名称。要将复合主键用作外键，您必须向子表中添加相同数量（组成PK）的相同数据类型的列，然后在FOREIGN KEY定义中使用这些列的组合：
CREATE TABLE files
(
files_name varchar(50) NOT NULL,
batch_id varchar(4) NOT NULL, --- added, these 3 should not
dept_id varchar(6) NOT NULL, --- necessarily be NOT NULL
student_id varchar (25) NOT NULL, ---
files_path varchar(50),
files_data varchar(max), --- varchar(max) ??
files_bookmarks xml, --- xml ??
--- your question is tagged MysqL,
--- and not sql-Server
CONSTRAINT pk_filesName
PRIMARY KEY (files_name),
CONSTRAINT fk_student_files --- constraint name (optional)
FOREIGN KEY (batch_id, dept_id, student_id)
REFERENCES student (batch_id, dept_id, student_id)
) ENGINE = InnoDB ;
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