首先freq_series.plot返回一个轴而不是一个数字，以便使我的回答更加清楚。我已经更改了给定的代码以使其引用，ax而不是fig与其他代码示例更加一致。
你可以从该ax.patches成员处获得该图中所产生的钢筋的列表。然后，你可以使用此matplotlib库示例中演示的技术来使用ax.text方法添加标签。
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Bring some raw data.
frequencies = [6, 16, 75, 160, 244, 260, 145, 73, 16, 4, 1]
# In my original code I create a series and run on that,
# so for consistency I create a series from the list.
freq_series = pd.Series.from_array(frequencies)
x_labels = [108300.0, 110540.0, 112780.0, 115020.0, 117260.0, 119500.0,
121740.0, 123980.0, 126220.0, 128460.0, 130700.0]
# Plot the figure.
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
ax = freq_series.plot(kind='bar')
ax.set_title('Amount Frequency')
ax.set_xlabel('Amount ($)')
ax.set_ylabel('Frequency')
ax.set_xticklabels(x_labels)
rects = ax.patches
# Make some labels.
labels = ["label%d" % i for i in xrange(len(rects))]
for rect, label in zip(rects, labels):
height = rect.get_height()
ax.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height + 5, label,
ha='center', va='bottom')
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