find_module并且load_module都已弃用。您需要分别切换到find_spec和（create_module和exec_module）模块。有关详细信息，请参见importlib文档。
您还需要检查是否要使用aMetaPathFinder或a，PathEntryFinder因为调用它们的系统有所不同。也就是说，元路径查找器排在第一位，并且可以覆盖内置模块，而路径条目查找器专门用于在上找到的模块sys.path。
以下是一个非常基础的进口商，试图替换整个进口机器。它展示了如何使用功能（find_spec，create_module，和exec_module）。
import sys
import os.path
from importlib.abc import Loader, MetaPathFinder
from importlib.util import spec_from_file_location
class MyMetaFinder(MetaPathFinder):
def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
if path is None or path == "":
path = [os.getcwd()] # top level import --
if "." in fullname:
*parents, name = fullname.split(".")
else:
name = fullname
for entry in path:
if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(entry, name)):
# this module has child modules
filename = os.path.join(entry, name, "__init__.py")
submodule_locations = [os.path.join(entry, name)]
else:
filename = os.path.join(entry, name + ".py")
submodule_locations = None
if not os.path.exists(filename):
continue
return spec_from_file_location(fullname, filename, loader=MyLoader(filename),
submodule_search_locations=submodule_locations)
return None # we don't kNow how to import this
class MyLoader(Loader):
def __init__(self, filename):
self.filename = filename
def create_module(self, spec):
return None # use default module creation semantics
def exec_module(self, module):
with open(self.filename) as f:
data = f.read()
# manipulate data some way...
exec(data, vars(module))
def install():
"""Inserts the finder into the import machinery"""
sys.Meta_path.insert(0, MyMetaFinder())
接下来是一个稍微精致的版本，尝试重用更多的导入机制。这样，您只需要定义如何获取模块源即可。
import sys
from os.path import isdir
from importlib import invalidate_caches
from importlib.abc import SourceLoader
from importlib.machinery import FileFinder
class MyLoader(SourceLoader):
def __init__(self, fullname, path):
self.fullname = fullname
self.path = path
def get_filename(self, fullname):
return self.path
def get_data(self, filename):
"""exec_module is already defined for us, we just have to provide a way
of getting the source code of the module"""
with open(filename) as f:
data = f.read()
# do something with data ...
# eg. ignore it... return "print('hello world')"
return data
loader_details = MyLoader, [".py"]
def install():
# insert the path hook ahead of other path hooks
sys.path_hooks.insert(0, FileFinder.path_hook(loader_details))
# clear any loaders that might already be in use by the FileFinder
sys.path_importer_cache.clear()
invalidate_caches()
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