好吧，事实证明我在那几点上是错的。但是，可以通过在目标进程中分配内存，在其中构造所需的结构（LVITEM），发送消息并从所述进程中分配的缓冲区中读取结果来进行操作。
为了完整起见，我附加了一个代码示例，用于从外部进程中读取SysListView32项（给定控件的窗口句柄）。
from win32con import PAGE_READWRITE, MEM_COMMIT, MEM_RESERVE, MEM_RELEASE,\
PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS
from commctrl import LVM_GETITEMTEXT, LVM_GETITEMCOUNT
import struct
import ctypes
import win32api
import win32gui
GetWindowThreadProcessId = ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId
VirtualAllocEx = ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualAllocEx
VirtualFreeEx = ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualFreeEx
OpenProcess = ctypes.windll.kernel32.OpenProcess
WriteProcessMemory = ctypes.windll.kernel32.WriteProcessMemory
ReadProcessMemory = ctypes.windll.kernel32.ReadProcessMemory
memcpy = ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.memcpy
def readListViewItems(hwnd, column_index=0):
# Allocate virtual memory inside target process
pid = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4)
p_pid = ctypes.addressof(pid)
GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, p_pid) # process owning the given hwnd
hProcHnd = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, False, struct.unpack("i",pid)[0])
pLVI = VirtualAllocEx(hProcHnd, 0, 4096, MEM_RESERVE|MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE)
pBuffer = VirtualAllocEx(hProcHnd, 0, 4096, MEM_RESERVE|MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE)
# Prepare an LVITEM record and write it to target process memory
lvitem_str = struct.pack('iiiiiiiii', *[0,0,column_index,0,0,pBuffer,4096,0,0])
lvitem_buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(lvitem_str)
copied = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4)
p_copied = ctypes.addressof(copied)
WriteProcessMemory(hProcHnd, pLVI, ctypes.addressof(lvitem_buffer), ctypes.sizeof(lvitem_buffer), p_copied)
# iterate items in the SysListView32 control
num_items = win32gui.SendMessage(hwnd, LVM_GETITEMCOUNT)
item_texts = []
for item_index in range(num_items):
win32gui.SendMessage(hwnd, LVM_GETITEMTEXT, item_index, pLVI)
target_buff = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4096)
ReadProcessMemory(hProcHnd, pBuffer, ctypes.addressof(target_buff), 4096, p_copied)
item_texts.append(target_buff.value)
VirtualFreeEx(hProcHnd, pBuffer, 0, MEM_RELEASE)
VirtualFreeEx(hProcHnd, pLVI, 0, MEM_RELEASE)
win32api.CloseHandle(hProcHnd)
return item_texts
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