您需要所谓的ListedColorMap：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
# random data
x = np.random.random_integers(0, 1, (10, 10))
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
# define the colors
cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['r', 'k'])
# create a normalize object the describes the limits of
# each color
bounds = [0., 0.5, 1.]
norm = mpl.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)
# plot it
ax.imshow(x, interpolation='none', cmap=cmap, norm=norm)
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