您应该使用netifaces。它被设计为在Mac OS X，Linux和Windows上跨平台。
>>> import netifaces as ni
>>> ni.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'eth1', 'v@R_269_2419@net0', 'dummy1']
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
{17: [{'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'addr': '00:02:55:7b:b2:f6'}], 2: [{'broadcast': '24.19.161.7', 'netmask': '255.255.255.248', 'addr': '24.19.161.6'}], 10: [{'netmask': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', 'addr': 'fe80::202:55ff:fe7b:b2f6%eth0'}]}
>>>
>>> ni.ifaddresses.__doc__
'Obtain information about the specified network interface.\n\nReturns a dict whose keys are equal to the address family constants,\ne.g. netifaces.AF_INET, and whose values are a list of addresses in\nthat family that are attached to the network interface.'
>>> # for the IPv4 address of eth0
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[2][0]['addr']
'24.19.161.6'
用于索引协议的数字来自/usr/include/linux/socket.h（在Linux中）…
#define AF_INET 2 /* Internet IP Protocol */
#define AF_INET6 10 /* IP version 6 */
#define AF_PACKET 17 /* Packet family */
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