import difflib
lines1 = '''
dog
cat
bird
buffalo
gophers
hound
horse
'''.strip().splitlines()
lines2 = '''
cat
dog
bird
buffalo
gopher
horse
mouse
'''.strip().splitlines()
# Changes:
# swapped positions of cat and dog
# changed gophers to gopher
# removed hound
# added mouse
for line in difflib.unified_diff(lines1, lines2, fromfile='file1', tofile='file2', lineterm=''):
print line
--- file1
+++ file2
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+cat
dog
-cat
bird
buffalo
-gophers
-hound
+gopher
horse
+mouse
此差异为您提供了上下文-周围的线条以帮助您清楚文件的不同之处。您可以在此处看到两次“ cat”，因为它已从“ dog”下方删除，并在其上方添加。
您可以使用n = 0删除上下文。
for line in difflib.unified_diff(lines1, lines2, fromfile='file1', tofile='file2', lineterm='', n=0):
print line
输出：
--- file1
+++ file2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cat
@@ -2 +2,0 @@
-cat
@@ -5,2 +5 @@
-gophers
-hound
+gopher
@@ -7,0 +7 @@
+mouse
但是现在它充满了“ @@”行，告诉您文件中已更改的位置。让我们删除多余的行以使其更具可读性。
for line in difflib.unified_diff(lines1, lines2, fromfile='file1', tofile='file2', lineterm='', n=0):
for prefix in ('---', '+++', '@@'):
if line.startswith(prefix):
break
else:
print line
提供以下输出：
+cat
-cat
-gophers
-hound
+gopher
+mouse
现在，您要它做什么？如果您忽略所有已删除的行，则不会看到“猎犬”已被删除。如果您很高兴只显示文件中的添加内容，则可以执行以下操作：
diff = difflib.unified_diff(lines1, lines2, fromfile='file1', tofile='file2', lineterm='', n=0)
lines = list(diff)[2:]
added = [line[1:] for line in lines if line[0] == '+']
removed = [line[1:] for line in lines if line[0] == '-']
print 'additions:'
for line in added:
print line
print
print 'additions, ignoring position'
for line in added:
if line not in removed:
print line
输出：
additions:
cat
gopher
mouse
additions, ignoring position:
gopher
mouse
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