当前的答案存在一些问题。具有属性的解决方案要求您指定其他类属性，并且在每次查找时都要检查该属性。该解决方案__getattr__的问题在于，它会隐藏该属性，直到首次访问。这不利于自省，并且__dir__不便解决。
比两个建议的解决方案更好的解决方案是直接使用描述符。werkzeug库已经有一个解决方案werkzeug.utils.cached_property。它具有一个简单的实现，因此您可以直接使用它而无需将Werkzeug作为依赖项：
_missing = object()
class cached_property(object):
"""A decorator that converts a function into a lazy property. The
function wrapped is called the first time to retrieve the result
and then that calculated result is used the next time you access
the value::
class Foo(object):
@cached_property
def foo(self):
# calculate something important here
return 42
The class has to have a `__dict__` in order for this property to
work.
"""
# implementation detail: this property is implemented as non-data
# descriptor. non-data descriptors are only invoked if there is
# no entry with the same name in the instance's __dict__.
# this allows us to completely get rid of the access function call
# overhead. If one choses to invoke __get__ by hand the property
# will still work as expected because the lookup logic is replicated
# in __get__ for manual invocation.
def __init__(self, func, name=None, doc=None):
self.__name__ = name or func.__name__
self.__module__ = func.__module__
self.__doc__ = doc or func.__doc__
self.func = func
def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
if obj is None:
return self
value = obj.__dict__.get(self.__name__, _missing)
if value is _missing:
value = self.func(obj)
obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
return value
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