正如@imsc指出的那样，您可以使用ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position和ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position方法，通过将刻度线的位置设置在底部和左侧（如果不想在顶部和右侧）来调整刻度线的可见性 。
如果还希望将轴本身设置为不可见，请签出matplotlib.spines类。您只需要none使用该ax.spines[spine].set_color方法将脊椎的颜色设置为即可。
如果要显示很多图，并且不想每次都手动关闭轴/刻度，则下面的功能将为您完成这项工作。
基本上，您可以为每个轴定义所需的颜色（在这种情况下none将使其变为不可见），并且该功能还将为所有不可见的轴“关闭”刻度线。我还添加选项来定义的linewidth轴线的线，以及作为fontsize所述ticklabels和pad所述ticklabels和蜱之间。
def customaxis(ax, c_left='k', c_bottom='k', c_right='none', c_top='none',
lw=3, size=12, pad=8):
for c_spine, spine in zip([c_left, c_bottom, c_right, c_top],
['left', 'bottom', 'right', 'top']):
if c_spine != 'none':
ax.spines[spine].set_color(c_spine)
ax.spines[spine].set_linewidth(lw)
else:
ax.spines[spine].set_color('none')
if (c_bottom == 'none') & (c_top == 'none'): # no bottom and no top
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('none')
elif (c_bottom != 'none') & (c_top != 'none'): # bottom and top
ax.tick_params(axis='x', direction='out', width=lw, length=7,
color=c_bottom, labelsize=size, pad=pad)
elif (c_bottom != 'none') & (c_top == 'none'): # bottom but not top
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.tick_params(axis='x', direction='out', width=lw, length=7,
color=c_bottom, labelsize=size, pad=pad)
elif (c_bottom == 'none') & (c_top != 'none'): # no bottom but top
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('top')
ax.tick_params(axis='x', direction='out', width=lw, length=7,
color=c_top, labelsize=size, pad=pad)
if (c_left == 'none') & (c_right == 'none'): # no left and no right
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('none')
elif (c_left != 'none') & (c_right != 'none'): # left and right
ax.tick_params(axis='y', direction='out', width=lw, length=7,
color=c_left, labelsize=size, pad=pad)
elif (c_left != 'none') & (c_right == 'none'): # left but not right
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.tick_params(axis='y', direction='out', width=lw, length=7,
color=c_left, labelsize=size, pad=pad)
elif (c_left == 'none') & (c_right != 'none'): # no left but right
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('right')
ax.tick_params(axis='y', direction='out', width=lw, length=7,
color=c_right, labelsize=size, pad=pad)
以下是如何使用它的示例：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ([ax1, ax2], [ax3, ax4]) = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
for ax in [ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4]:
ax.plot(np.random.randn(10), lw=2)
customaxis(ax1) #default: no right and top axis
customaxis(ax2, c_left='none', c_bottom='none', c_right='k', c_top='k')
customaxis(ax3, c_left='none', c_bottom='k', c_right='k', c_top='none')
customaxis(ax4, c_left='k', c_bottom='none', c_right='none', c_top='k')
plt.show()
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