简短的答案是os.system不知道在哪里找到firefox.exe。
一种可能的解决方案是使用完整路径。并且建议使用该subprocess模块：
import subprocess
subprocess.call(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe'])
注意\\之前firefox.exe！如果您使用\f，Python会将其解释为换页：
>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox
irefox.exe
当然，这条道路是不存在的。:-)
因此，请转义反斜杠或使用原始字符串：
>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe
>>> print(r'C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe
请注意，使用os.system或subprocess.call将停止当前应用程序，直到启动的程序完成。因此，您可能想使用它subprocess.Popen。这将启动外部程序，然后继续执行脚本。
subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe', '-new-tab'])
这将打开Firefox（或在运行的实例中创建一个新选项卡）。
一个更完整的示例是我open通过github发布的实用程序。这使用正则表达式将文件扩展名与打开这些文件的程序进行匹配。然后使用它subprocess.Popen在适当的程序中打开那些文件。作为参考，我在下面添加了当前版本的完整代码。
请注意，该程序是在考虑类似UNIX的操作系统的情况下编写的。在ms-windows上，您可能会从注册表中获取文件类型的应用程序。
"""Opens the file(s) given on the command line in the appropriate program.
Some of the programs are X11 programs."""
from os.path import isdir, isfile
from re import search, IGNORECASE
from subprocess import Popen, check_output, CalledProcessError
from sys import argv
import argparse
import logging
__version__ = '1.3.0'
# You should adjust the programs called to suit your preferences.
filetypes = {
'\.(pdf|epub)$': ['mupdf'],
'\.html$': ['chrome', '--incognito'],
'\.xcf$': ['gimp'],
'\.e?ps$': ['gv'],
'\.(jpe?g|png|gif|tiff?|p[abgp]m|svg)$': ['gpicview'],
'\.(pax|cpio|zip|jar|ar|xar|rpm|7z)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
'\.(tar\.|t)(z|gz|bz2?|xz)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
'\.(mp4|mkv|avi|flv|mpg|movi?|m4v|webm)$': ['mpv']
}
othertypes = {'dir': ['rox'], 'txt': ['gvim', '--nofork']}
def main(argv):
"""Entry point for this script.
Arguments:
argv: command line arguments; list of strings.
"""
if argv[0].endswith(('open', 'open.py')):
del argv[0]
opts = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='open', description=__doc__)
opts.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='version',
version=__version__)
opts.add_argument('-a', '--application', help='application to use')
opts.add_argument('--log', default='warning',
choices=['debug', 'info', 'warning', 'error'],
help="logging level (defaults to 'warning')")
opts.add_argument("files", Metavar='file', nargs='*',
help="one or more files to process")
args = opts.parse_args(argv)
logging.basicConfig(level=getattr(logging, args.log.upper(), None),
format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
logging.info('command line arguments = {}'.format(argv))
logging.info('parsed arguments = {}'.format(args))
fail = "opening '{}' Failed: {}"
for nm in args.files:
logging.info("Trying '{}'".format(nm))
if not args.application:
if isdir(nm):
cmds = othertypes['dir'] + [nm]
elif isfile(nm):
cmds = matchfile(filetypes, othertypes, nm)
else:
cmds = None
else:
cmds = [args.application, nm]
if not cmds:
logging.warning("do not kNow how to open '{}'".format(nm))
continue
try:
Popen(cmds)
except OSError as e:
logging.error(fail.format(nm, e))
else: # No files named
if args.application:
try:
Popen([args.application])
except OSError as e:
logging.error(fail.format(args.application, e))
def matchfile(fdict, odict, fname):
"""For the given filename, returns the matching program. It uses the `file`
utility commonly available on UNIX.
Arguments:
fdict: Handlers for files. A dictionary of regex:(commands)
representing the file type and the action that is to be taken for
opening one.
odict: Handlers for other types. A dictionary of str:(arguments).
fname: A string containing the name of the file to be opened.
Returns: A list of commands for subprocess.Popen.
"""
for k, v in fdict.items():
if search(k, fname, IGNORECASE) is not None:
return v + [fname]
try:
if b'text' in check_output(['file', fname]):
return odict['txt'] + [fname]
except CalledProcessError:
logging.warning("the command 'file {}' Failed.".format(fname))
return None
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(argv)
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