Grid 行和列
开始学习 Grid 的第一件事情就是划格子,本章主要给大家讲解如何画格子。掌握好这个掌握好这个技能是学习 Grid 布局的基础。
grid-template-columns
该是基于 网格列. 的维度,去定义网格线的和网格轨道的尺寸大小。grid-template-rows
该是基于 网格行 的维度,去定义网格线的和网格轨道的尺寸大小。repeat()
表示轨道列表的重复片段,允许以更紧凑的形式写入大量重复模式的列或行。auto-fill
和 auto-fit
规定如何填充列(是否进行协调)。fr
fr 单位被用于在一系列长度值中分配剩余空间,如果多个已指定了多个部分,则剩下的空间根据各自的数字例分配。minmax()
定义了长宽范围的闭区间, 它与 CSS 网格布局一起使用。grid-auto-columns
指定了隐式创建的网格纵向轨道(track)的宽度grid-auto-rows
用于指定隐式创建的行轨道大小。
grid-template-columns
网格的列的宽度,我们可以理解为项目的宽度,这样更容易学习。grid-template-rows
网格行的高度,我们同样可以理解为项目的高度。grid-auto-columns
超出定义的列后,多于没有定义的列宽。grid-auto-rows
超出定义的行后,多于的行高。repeat(number,length)
这是 Grid 布局中用到的它接受两个参数分别是 number
代表重复和 length
代表宽度或高度的值。它也可以代表重复的模式,例如 repeat(2, 100px 200px 300px)
实际就是 100px 200px 300px 100px 200px 300px
。auto-fill
如同它字面的意思,规划多余空间内项目填充,这里要注意的是它和 auto
自适应宽度是不同的。auto-fit
fr
代表倍数关系,它数字部分都是整数例如 1fr 2fr
后面是前面的两倍。minmax()
代表长度范围例如 minmax(10px, 100px)
就是这个长度是 10px ~ 100px 之间。
grid-template-columns:none | px | | em| rem | fr | auto| minmax(min,max) | auto| repeat;
grid-template-rows:none | px | | em| rem | fr | auto| minmax(min,max) | auto| repeat;
grid-auto-columns:none | px | | em| rem | fr | auto| minmax(min,max) | auto| ;
grid-auto-rows:none | px | | em| rem | fr | auto| minmax(min,max) | auto| ;
说明:grid-template-columns
和 grid-template-rows
接受多个值,并且它们可以混合使用。grid-auto-columns
和 grid-auto-rows
接受 1 个值。
语法:
grid-template-rows:repeat(,px rem em,fr)
说明:repeat
的意思是重复,上面的意思每 4 行的高度分别是 10px 1rem 1em,1fr
一共重复 2 次,共 8 行。
grid-template-rows: px minmax(px,px)
说明:minmax
的意思是取最大和最小,上面的意思是第 2 行的高度最小是 40px
最大是 60px
.
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
<div class="item">4</div>
</div>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: none;
grid-template-rows:none;
grid-auto-columns: px;
grid-auto-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px px;
grid-template-rows:none;
grid-auto-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
.item:nth-of-type(4){
background: yellowgreen;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
<div class="item">4</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
</div>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px auto;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px auto;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px auto px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px auto px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px auto px;
grid-template-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px auto px;
grid-template-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px px;
grid-template-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px px;
grid-template-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
说明:我们容器里面有 3 个项目 而只设定了第一行的高度因此,第 2 行的高度是撑开的高度。
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px px;
grid-auto-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px px;
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px minmax(px,px);
grid-auto-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: px minmax(px,px);
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: fr fr fr;
grid-auto-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
也可以用小数。
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: fr fr fr;
grid-auto-rows: px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: fr fr fr;
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(,px);
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(,px);
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill,px);
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill,px);
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit,px);
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
< charset="UTF-8">
< name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.demo{
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit,px);
grid-auto-rows:px;
color:#fff;
text-align: center;
}
.item:nth-of-type(1){
background: red;
}
.item:nth-of-type(2){
background: green;
}
.item:nth-of-type(3){
background: purple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<div class="item">1</div>
<div class="item">2</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
<div class="item">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
.demo{
grid-template-columns: fr fr px rem;
}
3 minmax()
中的值也可以使用 fr
,例如:
.demo{
grid-template-columns: minmax(fr,fr);
}
它们的规则是范围,左边是最小值,右侧是最大值。
repeat()
和 minmax()
一起使用:
.demo{
grid-template-columns:repeat(,minmax(px,px) px px);
}