标准模块unicodedata定义了很多属性，但不是 全部 。快速浏览一下其来源即可确认这一点。
幸运的是unicodedata.txt，不难解析它来自的数据文件。每行仅包含15个;单独的元素，因此非常适合解析。使用ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/3.0-Update/UnicodeData-3.0.0.html上元素的描述，可以创建一些类来封装数据。我从该列表中选取了类元素的名称。同一页面上解释了每个元素的含义。
确保先下载ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt和ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt，并将它们放在与此相同的文件夹中程序。
代码（已通过Python 2.7和3.6测试）：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class UnicodeCharacter:
def __init__(self):
self.code = 0
self.name = 'unnamed'
self.category = ''
self.combining = ''
self.bidirectional = ''
self.decomposition = ''
self.asDecimal = None
self.asDigit = None
self.asNumeric = None
self.mirrored = False
self.uc1Name = None
self.comment = ''
self.uppercase = None
self.lowercase = None
self.titlecase = None
self.block = None
def __getitem__(self, item):
return getattr(self, item)
def __repr__(self):
return '{'+self.name+'}'
class UnicodeBlock:
def __init__(self):
self.first = 0
self.last = 0
self.name = 'unnamed'
def __repr__(self):
return '{'+self.name+'}'
class BlockList:
def __init__(self):
self.blocklist = []
with open('Blocks.txt','r') as uc_f:
for line in uc_f:
line = line.strip(' \r\n')
if '#' in line:
line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
if line != '':
rawdata = line.split(';')
block = UnicodeBlock()
block.name = rawdata[1].strip()
rawdata = rawdata[0].split('..')
block.first = int(rawdata[0],16)
block.last = int(rawdata[1],16)
self.blocklist.append(block)
# make 100% sure it's sorted, for quicker look-up later
# (it is usually sorted in the file, but better make sure)
self.blocklist.sort (key=lambda x: block.first)
def lookup(self,code):
for item in self.blocklist:
if code >= item.first and code <= item.last:
return item.name
return None
class UnicodeList:
"""UnicodeList loads Unicode data from the external files
'UnicodeData.txt' and 'Blocks.txt', both available at unicode.org
These files must appear in the same directory as this program.
UnicodeList is a new interpretation of the standard library
'unicodedata'; you may first want to check if its functionality
suffices.
As UnicodeList loads its data from an external file, it does not depend
on the local build from Python (in which the Unicode data gets frozen
to the then 'current' version).
Initialize with
uclist = UnicodeList()
"""
def __init__(self):
# we need this first
blocklist = BlockList()
bpos = 0
self.codelist = []
with open('UnicodeData.txt','r') as uc_f:
for line in uc_f:
line = line.strip(' \r\n')
if '#' in line:
line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
if line != '':
rawdata = line.strip().split(';')
parsed = UnicodeCharacter()
parsed.code = int(rawdata[0],16)
parsed.characterName = rawdata[1]
parsed.category = rawdata[2]
parsed.combining = rawdata[3]
parsed.bidirectional = rawdata[4]
parsed.decomposition = rawdata[5]
parsed.asDecimal = int(rawdata[6]) if rawdata[6] else None
parsed.asDigit = int(rawdata[7]) if rawdata[7] else None
# the following value may contain a slash:
# ONE QUARTER ... 1/4
# let's make it Python 2.7 compatible :)
if '/' in rawdata[8]:
rawdata[8] = rawdata[8].replace('/','./')
parsed.asNumeric = eval(rawdata[8])
else:
parsed.asNumeric = int(rawdata[8]) if rawdata[8] else None
parsed.mirrored = rawdata[9] == 'Y'
parsed.uc1Name = rawdata[10]
parsed.comment = rawdata[11]
parsed.uppercase = int(rawdata[12],16) if rawdata[12] else None
parsed.lowercase = int(rawdata[13],16) if rawdata[13] else None
parsed.titlecase = int(rawdata[14],16) if rawdata[14] else None
while bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code > blocklist.blocklist[bpos].last:
bpos += 1
parsed.block = blocklist.blocklist[bpos].name if bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code >= blocklist.blocklist[bpos].first else None
self.codelist.append(parsed)
def find_code(self,codepoint):
"""Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as int).
Returns:
a UnicodeCharacter class object or None.
"""
# the list is unlikely to contain duplicates but I have seen Unicode.org
# doing that in similar situations. Again, better make sure.
val = [x for x in self.codelist if codepoint == x.code]
return val[0] if val else None
def find_char(self,str):
"""Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as character).
Returns:
for a single character: a UnicodeCharacter class object or
None.
for a multicharacter string: a list of the above, one element
per character.
"""
if len(str) > 1:
result = [self.find_code(ord(x)) for x in str]
return result
else:
return self.find_code(ord(str))
加载后，您现在可以使用
>>> ul = UnicodeList() # ONLY NEEDED ONCE!
>>> print (ul.find_code(0x204))
{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}
默认情况下显示为字符 名称 （Unicode将其称为“代码点”），但您也可以检索其他属性：
>>> print ('%04X' % uc.find_code(0x204).lowercase)
0205
>>> print (ul.lookup(0x204).block)
Latin Extended-B
并且（只要您没有获得None）甚至将它们链接起来：
>>> print (ul.find_code(ul.find_code(0x204).lowercase))
{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}
它不依赖于您的特定Python版本；您可以随时从unicode.org下载更新列表，并确保获得最新信息：
import unicodedata
>>> print (unicodedata.name('\U0001F903'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: no such name
>>> print (uclist.find_code(0x1f903))
{LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH FOUR DOTS}
（经Python 3.5.3。测试）。
当前定义了两个查找功能：
之后import unicodelist（假设您将其另存为unicodelist.py），则可以使用
>>> ul = UnicodeList()
>>> hex(ul.find_char(u'è').code)
'0xe8'
查找任何字符的十六进制代码，以及列表理解，例如
>>> l = [hex(ul.find_char(x).code) for x in 'Hello']
>>> l
['0x48', '0x65', '0x6c', '0x6c', '0x6f']
对于更长的字符串。 请注意， 如果您想要的只是一个字符串的 十六进制 表示，那么 实际上并不需要所有这些 ！这足以：
l = [hex(ord(x)) for x in 'Hello']
该模块的目的是使您可以轻松访问 其他 Unicode属性。一个更长的例子：
str = 'Héllo...'
dest = ''
for i in str:
dest += chr(ul.find_char(i).uppercase) if ul.find_char(i).uppercase is not None else i
print (dest)
HÉLLO...
letter = u'?'
print ('Name > '+ul.find_char(letter).name)
print ('Unicode number > U+%04x' % ul.find_char(letter).code)
print ('Bloc > '+ul.find_char(letter).block)
print ('Lowercase > %s' % chr(ul.find_char(letter).lowercase))
（我省略了HTML；这些名称未在Unicode标准中定义。）
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